The Chittagong Hill Tracts is the most diversified region in Bangladesh in respect of ethnicity and culture. CHT is the habitat of several ethnic groups. All of them have their own language and culture. The Chakmas are the largest ethnic group in respect of population. The Chakmas belong to Mongoloid race. They have their own language and script. The second largest community in respect of population is Marma. The Marmas are found mainly in Bandarban District.  The other ethnic groups are Tripura, Tanchangya, Chak, Murong, Khumi, Boam, Lushai, Pankho and Khyang. 

All the groups have distinct culture and heritage. The songs and dances of the ethnic groups are very popular in Bangladesh. The traditional dresses and the women ornaments are very gorgeous and colorful. These traditional dresses are mostly made of hand weaving materials. Usually, the women wear silver ornaments.

Most of the ethnic groups follow Buddhism. Some are the followers of Hinduism and Christianity.  

The main occupation of the people of Chittagong Hill Tracts is agriculture. The Jhum cultivation is the traditional system of cultivation in Chittagong hill Tracts.

The biggest festival for the Chittagong Hill Tracts is called Boi-Sa-Bi.  The Tripura call this festival Boishuk, the Marma call this festival Sangrai and the Chakma call this festival Bizu. Through this festival People of the Chittagong Hill Tracts observe the Year Ending (31st of Chaitra of Bengali year) and they welcome the New Year (1st Boishakh of Bengali year).